July 7, 2013

New features in Oracle 9i/10g/11g RAC

Oracle Real Application Clusters New features

Oracle 9i RAC
  • OPS (Oracle Parallel Server) was renamed as RAC
  • CFS (Cluster File System) was supported
  • OCFS (Oracle Cluster File System) for Linux and Windows
  • watchdog timer replaced by hangcheck timer

Oracle 10g R1 RAC
  • Cluster Manager replaced by CRS
  • ASM introduced
  • Concept of Services expanded
  • ocrcheck introduced
  • ocrdump introduced
  • AWR was instance specific

Oracle 10g R2 RAC
  • CRS was renamed as Clusterware
  • asmcmd introduced
  • CLUVFY introduced
  • OCR and Voting disks can be mirrored
  • Can use FAN/FCF with TAF for OCI and ODP.NET

Oracle 11g R1 RAC
  • Oracle 11g RAC parallel upgrades - Oracle 11g have rolling upgrade features whereby RAC database can be upgraded without any downtime.
  • Hot patching - Zero downtime patch application.
  • Oracle RAC load balancing advisor - Starting from 10g R2 we have RAC load balancing advisor utility. 11g RAC load balancing advisor is only available with clients who use .NET, ODBC, or the Oracle Call Interface (OCI).
  • ADDM for RAC - Oracle has incorporated RAC into the automatic database diagnostic monitor, for cross-node advisories. The script addmrpt.sql run give report for single instance, will not report all instances in RAC, this is known as instance ADDM. But using the new package DBMS_ADDM, we can generate report for all instances of RAC, this known as database ADDM.
  • Optimized RAC cache fusion protocols - moves on from the general cache fusion protocols in 10g to deal with specific scenarios where the protocols could be further optimized.
  • Oracle 11g RAC Grid provisioning - The Oracle grid control provisioning pack allows us to "blow-out" a RAC node without the time-consuming install, using a pre-installed "footprint".

Oracle 11g R2 RAC
  • We can store everything on the ASM. We can store OCR & voting files also on the ASM.
  • ASMCA
  • Single Client Access Name (SCAN) - eliminates the need to change tns entry when nodes are added to or removed from the Cluster. RAC instances register to SCAN listeners as remote listeners. SCAN is fully qualified name. Oracle recommends assigning 3 addresses to SCAN, which create three SCAN listeners.
  • Clusterware components: crfmond, crflogd, GIPCD.
  • AWR is consolidated for the database.
  • 11g Release 2 Real Application Cluster (RAC) has server pooling technologies so it’s easier to provision and manage database grids. This update is geared toward dynamically adjusting servers as corporations manage the ebb and flow between data requirements for datawarehousing and applications.
  • By default, LOAD_BALANCE is ON.
  • GSD (Global Service Deamon), gsdctl introduced.
  • GPnP profile.
  • Cluster information in an XML profile.
  • Oracle RAC OneNode is a new option that makes it easier to consolidate databases that aren’t mission critical, but need redundancy.
  • raconeinit - to convert database to RacOneNode.
  • raconefix - to fix RacOneNode database in case of failure.
  • racone2rac - to convert RacOneNode back to RAC.
  • Oracle Restart - the feature of Oracle Grid Infrastructure's High Availability Services (HAS) to manage associated listeners, ASM instances and Oracle instances.
  • Oracle Omotion - Oracle 11g release2 RAC introduces new feature called Oracle Omotion, an online migration utility. This Omotion utility will relocate the instance from one node to another, whenever instance failure happens.
  • Omotion utility uses Database Area Network (DAN) to move Oracle instances. Database Area Network (DAN) technology helps seamless database relocation without losing transactions.
  • Cluster Time Synchronization Service (CTSS) is a new feature in Oracle 11g R2 RAC, which is used to synchronize time across the nodes of the cluster. CTSS will be replacement of NTP protocol.
  • Grid Naming Service (GNS) is a new service introduced in Oracle RAC 11g R2. With GNS, Oracle Clusterware (CRS) can manage Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and DNS services for the dynamic node registration and configuration.
  • Cluster interconnect: Used for data blocks, locks, messages, and SCN numbers.
  • Oracle Local Registry (OLR) - From Oracle 11gR2 "Oracle Local Registry (OLR)" something new as part of Oracle Clusterware. OLR is node’s local repository, similar to OCR (but local) and is managed by OHASD. It pertains data of local node only and is not shared among other nodes.
  • Multicasting is introduced in 11gR2 for private interconnect traffic.
  • I/O fencing prevents updates by failed instances, and detecting failure and preventing split brain in cluster. When a cluster node fails, the failed node needs to be fenced off from all the shared disk devices or diskgroups. This methodology is called I/O Fencing, sometimes called Disk Fencing or failure fencing.
  • Re-bootless node fencing (restart) - instead of fast re-booting the node, a graceful shutdown of the stack is attempted.
  • Clusterware log directories: acfs*
  • HAIP (IC VIP).
  • Redundant interconnects: NIC bonding, HAIP.
  • RAC background processes: DBRM – Database Resource Manager, PING – Response time agent.
  • Virtual Oracle 11g RAC cluster - Oracle 11g RAC supports virtualization.


Related Oracle Articles:  cluvfy commands RAC  crsctl commands RAC  srvctl commands RAC New features in Oracle Clusterware 12c

17 comments:

  1. Hi ,

    very nice >>>>>>>>>
    Please help me >>>>>>>

    Can you give me doc for 11GR1 & 11GR2 RAC installation on LINUX and WINDOW .

    alok04samdarsi@gmail.com

    Alok

    ReplyDelete
  2. are there any advantages in 10g rac over 11g rac ?

    ReplyDelete
  3. Hi,

    Above article has all the new features (I will treat them as advantages) of RAC 11g.

    e.g.: We can store everything on the ASM.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Hi Sathya,


    Really !!!!!!!!!!!!!! your blog is good,


    Please send me if you have any material regarding performance tunning of oracle database (P.T). Also if possible please send me the latest dumps of oracle 9i sql and 10g database.

    Mail id: karthickraja21@gmail.com


    Regards
    KVR

    ReplyDelete
  5. GOOD JOB MR.SATHYA...HATS OFF...VERY USEFUL BLOGS

    ReplyDelete
  6. Thank you very much.

    - Oracle RAC new features

    ReplyDelete
  7. RAID 10 IS SUITABLE FOR INSTALLING ORACLE 11G R2 RAC IN WINDOWS 2008 SERVER..

    Regards,

    Riyaz.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Dear Satya,

    hop you are doing well......!!
    Can you share the RAC installation steps on RHEL 5x./6x.......plz

    talkme.bhabani@gmail.com

    Thnks,
    Bhabani

    ReplyDelete
  9. Dear satya,

    Thanks for spending ur precious time for this blog and sharing the knowledge. can u share some more knowledge doc like Top 10 databases in the world.

    Thanks,
    M jain.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Hi Seniors,

    Yours blog is very useful for me.If you have RAC installation 11g R2 steps for os installation(5.6 above) itself please share to me.

    mcavel111@gmail.com

    Thanks,
    Velmurugan

    ReplyDelete
  11. Hats off to Sathya. Yours blog is very very useful for us. Keep going. Take care...

    Thanks,
    Kumar

    ReplyDelete
  12. Good Post on RAC New Feature

    Thanks

    ReplyDelete
  13. Hi Satya,

    Hope you are doing well... RAC documents are really Good.

    Regards,
    Karthik.V

    ReplyDelete
  14. Hi Satya,

    Very good blog to get vital info. Do you have any steps to upgrade rac 10gr2 to 11gr2? We are using NFS file system not ASM. Any differnce if not used ASM? my email id is sirapu@yahoo.com. Appreciated your response.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Hi satya,
    please share the 11g RAC dumps for certification purpose, send me vikramv69@gmail.com

    Regards
    Vikram

    ReplyDelete